El presente artículo tiene como objetivo invitar a reflexionar sobre la obra de una filósofa que representa uno de los pensamientos más originales del quehacer filosófico español: María Zambrano. Sus planteamientos en torno a la crítica cultural y género, la crítica al pensamiento moderno, son en sí, una clara crítica a la razón patriarcal. Repensar el quehacer político-práctico de María Zambrano como una figura de la emancipación nos permitirá entender nuestro propio presente.

Aunque los físicos han utilizado constantemente los experimentos mentales, al menos desde los tiempos de Galileo, los filósofos clásicos de la ciencia sólo les reconocieron funciones puramente heurísticas o, a lo sumo, críticas. No obstante, algunos autores han defendido la legitimidad de su empleo en el contexto de justificación. En esta línea, James Robert Brown argumenta a favor de la tesis según la cual el tipo de fenómeno que tiene lugar en los llamados “experimentos mentales platónicos” proporciona conocimiento a priori (...) de las leyes de la naturaleza. El propósito de este trabajo es evaluar críticamente esta posición. Se intentará mostrar que la argumentación para sostener la tesis del conocimiento a priori en los experimentos mentales presenta serias dificultades y que no consigue ofrecer razones suficientes para asumir los compromisos metafísicos del platonismo asociados a esta perspectiva epistemológica. (shrink)

La tensión entre fidelidad a la tradición e innovación presente en el pensamiento plotiniano se manifiesta de modo patente en su propuesta metafísica. La ontología expuesta en las Enéadas, en efecto, es un claro ejemplo de la labor exegética mediante la cual Plotino toma las concepciones metafísicas platónico-pitagóricas precedentes y las sintetiza infundiendo nueva vitalidad en ideas antiguas. Para llevar a cabo su exégesis utiliza, incluso, conceptos aristotélicos que integra de un modo peculiar a su pensamiento platonizante. En el presente (...) trabajo, pues, nos proponemos esclarecer el procedimiento interpretativo que Plotino lleva a cabo en la formulación de su doctrina de lo Uno y de la relación entre esta hipóstasis y la Inteligencia. En nuestro análisis examinamos las nociones metafísicas que nuestro filósofo toma como punto de partida y brindamos una interpretación de la transformación que opera sobre ellas para arribar al sistema que dio origen a una nueva corriente de pensamiento platónico. The tension between innovation and fidelity to tradition present in the thought of Plotinus manifests itself clearly in his metaphysical conception. The ontology put forward in the Enneads, in fact, is a fine example of the exegetical work by which our thinker takes the preceding platonic-pythagorean metaphysics and synthesizes it, bringing new vitality into ancient ideas. To accomplish his exegesis he even employs Aristotelian concepts incorporating them in a peculiar way to his Platonizing thought. In the present paper, hence, we intend to elucidate the interpretive procedure that Plotinus carries out to arrive at his conceptions of the One and of the relationship between this hypostasis and Intelligence. In our analysis, we examine the metaphysical notions that our philosopher takes as starting points and we offer an interpretation of the transformation he operates upon them to reach the system that gave birth to a new current of Platonic thought. (shrink)

No final do século XV, sob o reinado de Fernando e Isabel, houve a grande expulsão dos judeus espanhóis. Os cronistas da época tendem a silenciar sobre o fato, quando não a elogiar a atitude dos monarcas. No máximo, alguns apresentam o fato como um mal menor. Também os intelectuais da época, e até a universidade de Paris, tiveram palavras de louvor à atitude dos reis.

Don Juan Manuel foi uma das personagens de maior relevo no século XIV em Castela, tanto pela sua obra literária quanto pela sua participação ativa ·na política da época. Era nobre, guerreiro e ao mesmo tempo tinha uma consciência clara de escritor. Preocupa-se por conciliar o que pensa e propõe, e o que vive intensamente. Detectar as linhas mestras e os conceitos presentes no pensamento do autor assim como a projeção dessas ideias na sua prática política, é o objetivo do (...) presente trabalho. (shrink)

The Civil Economy approach, as developed by Italian economists Luigino Bruni and Stefano Zamagni, aims at introducing reciprocity into the economy as a humanizing factor. Despite being presented as an innovative perspective, the CE approach shares many characteristics with the German model of Social Market Economy. The present paper compares both approaches, showing that they in fact share a normative basis and similar aims but address them from diverse points of view; namely, CE addresses them from a virtue ethics perspective (...) and SME from an institutional ethics one. This leads them to stress different aspects and to focus on diverse problems. Therefore, CE would not constitute an alternative to SME but a complement. Thus, a combination of both approaches should allow each to take advantage of their respective strengths and lead to a better result in terms of the common good. (shrink)

La disforia de género pediátrica es una patología psiquiátrica cuya incidencia ha crecido significativamente. Se han propuesto diversas terapias, pero aún no hay consenso sobre la conducta a seguir en estos casos. Uno de los tratamientos sugeridos es la supresión de la pubertad, cuyo objetivo es el de disminuir la angustia del niño que padece esta patología. Sin embargo, este tratamiento ha generado diversos dilemas éticos que todavía no han sido despejados. Por este motivo, basándonos en la evidencia actual, no (...) parece prudente su indicación existiendo otras alternativas terapéuticas que no despiertan controversias. (shrink)

Se analiza la obra Emlia Oardo Bazán desde la teoría del análisis lingüístico y cómo es que su obra fue de influencia para la literatura feminista del siglo XX, sin dejar de lado el enfoque naturalista de la literatura y los ideales feminismos de la época.

Toda la vida de San Agustín fue una intensa búsqueda de la definición del hombre. Recorrió en sus meditaciones las tres direcciones que acotan el campo de la investigación antropológica: el ser del hombre, su perduración más allá de la vida y el sentido de su existencia. Él descubrió que la naturaleza del hombre es “dialéctica”: es un ser que está en un mundo hecho para él, pero él es hecho para Dios. Como no hay una adecuación entre su ‘ser (...) en’ y su ‘ser para’, el hombre se convierte en un discurso abierto infinitamente, cuyo final trasciende sus posibilidades. Además, el hombre ocupa un lugar intermedio en la configuración ontológica del universo agustiniano, un medio entre la Nada y el Todo, entre el cuerpo y el Creador del sí mismo y del cuerpo. De hecho, en la Enarración al Salmo 109, explica así la condición mortal, finita, del ser humano: “Como el torrente recoge las lluvias y se hincha, salta, se despeña, y corriendo acaba su carrera, así es todo el curso de la mortalidad… el género humano, de lo oculto va apareciendo y corre; con la muerte otra vez se oculta. En el intermedio resuena y pasa”. Es decir, el hombre es un murmullo entre dos abismos. Agustine of Hippo and human natureThe life of St. Augustine was an intense search for the definition of man. He studied the three directions that delimit the field of anthropological research in his meditations: the being of man, his endurance beyond life, and the meaning of their existence. He discovered that the nature of man is "dialectical": he is a being that is in a world made for him, but he is made for God. As there is not a match between 'being in' and 'being for', the man becomes a speech open infinitely, the end of which transcends its possibilities. Furthermore, humankind has an intermediate place in the ontological configuration of the Augustinian universe, a medium between nothing and everything, between the body and the creator of the self, and of the body. In fact, in the Enarracion to the Psalm 109, explains the mortal and finite condition of the human being: "As the stream collects rain and swells, jumps, falls, and running ends its career, so is the entire course of mortality... the mankind, from the occult will appear and run; with death again is hidden. It resonates in the intermediate and passes". I.e., the man is a whisper between two abysses. (shrink)

El libro engloba una serie de artículos acerca de la Filosofía del Proceso, tratando de responder a varias preguntas fundamentales: ¿sigue vigente la noción de sustancia para dar cuenta de la realidad? ¿Qué significa que la realidad es procesual, si es que acaso es así? Otro hilo conductor proviene del diálogo con Whitehead. Se incluyen enfoques que abarcan diferentes épocas históricas, desde la antiguedad, la época medieval, hasta las posturas más recientes.

En uno de los últimos capítulos de su obra Verdad y Método , Gadamer realiza una “acuñación del concepto de lenguaje a lo largo de la historia del pensamiento occidental”, y al llegar a la Edad Media, sorprende con la consideración del tema teológico de la ‘encarnación del Verbo’ para explicar la relación entre pensamiento y lenguaje. No obstante, este recurso le permite elaborar una argumentación en apoyo a su teoría ontológico-hermenéutica del lenguaje. La analogía entre el tema teológico y (...) el modo de ser del lenguaje, ya la pensó San Agustín y la registró en su libro De Trinitate . Ahí explica la naturaleza sustancial del verbo interior , y el modo particular en que éste sigue el proceso que conduce a su encarnación en vox , sin perderse o transformarse en mero signo convencional. En virtud de la relación que el verbo interior guarda con las notitias , con las Ideas en el Verbo, y con las esencias de las cosas físicas de este mundo, se logra una interesante y coherente ontologización del lenguaje, que servirá de inspiración a Gadamer. Gadamer and the substantial equality of thought and language in St. Augustine.In one of the last chapters of his book Truth and Method , Gadamer does a "coining of the concept of language throughout the history of Western thought", and when reaching the study of the Middle Ages, he surprises his readers by considering the theological issue of the 'incarnation of the Verb" to explain the relationship between thought and language. However, this resource allows him to develop an argument in support of his ontological- hermeneutical theory of language. The analogy between theological theme and mode of being of language was already thought by Saint Augustine and recorded in his book On the Trinity . There he elaborates on the substantial nature of the inside or internal verb , and the particular way in which it undergoes the process that leads to its incarnation into vox , neither getting lost nor becoming a mere conventional sign. By ways of the connection between the interior verb with notitias, with the ideas in the Verb, and with the essence of physical things in this world, an interesting and coherent ontologization of language it achieved, which would later inspire Gadamer. (shrink)

El presente estudio tiene como finalidad validar un instrumento de actitudes docentes de las academias disciplinares de primer semestre del nivel medio superior respecto del uso de las TIC de su práctica en el marco de la nueva normalidad educativa, centrándose en el contexto referencial de la escuela preparatoria número uno perteneciente a la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), organismo institucional con carácter público y autónomo. Para esta investigación, se seleccionaron los indicadores asociados a la dimensión actitudinal ante (...) el uso de TIC: actitud positiva, abierta y crítica, empatía, percepción de auto conocimiento, resiliencia y/o adaptación al cambio. (shrink)

Resumen: El objetivo de la investigación es describir las diferentes maneras de concebir el paisaje. Para ello, fueron analizadas, fichadas y discutidas múltiples fuentes de información, seleccionándose los planteamientos más expresivos de la racionalidad teórica desde la cual el paisaje es concebido. Se encontró que, habiendo nacido el paisaje de la pintura de la Edad Media, hoy día es estudiado como representación artística por la estética, como geosistema por la geografía, como ecosistema por la ecología y como apropiación subjetiva del (...) territorio por la sociología, la antropología y la semiótica. Pero la experiencia paisajística contemplativa realizada predominantemente bajo formas estéticas no es una perspectiva suficientemente atendida a pesar de que, junto con la representación artística del paisaje, constituye la perspectiva más fidedigna del concepto de paisaje.: The objective is to describe different landscape approaches. To carry this out, multiple information sources were analysed, recorded and discussed, selecting the most expressive approaches of the theoretical rationality from which the landscape is conceived. It was found that having the painting landscape born in the Middle Ages, it is studied today by aesthetics as an artistic representation, as a geosystem by geography, as an ecosystem by ecology and as a subjective appropriation of the territory by sociology, anthropology and semiotics. However, the contemplative landscape experience was predominantly carried out under aesthetic form, but it is not a perspective sufficiently attended. Alongside with the artistic representation of the landscape, constitutes the most reliable perspective of the landscape concept. (shrink)

Resumen: El objetivo de la investigación es describir las diferentes maneras de concebir el paisaje. Para ello, fueron analizadas, fichadas y discutidas múltiples fuentes de información, seleccionándose los planteamientos más expresivos de la racionalidad teórica desde la cual el paisaje es concebido. Se encontró que, habiendo nacido el paisaje de la pintura de la Edad Media, hoy día es estudiado como representación artística por la estética, como geosistema por la geografía, como ecosistema por la ecología y como apropiación subjetiva del (...) territorio por la sociología, la antropología y la semiótica. Pero la experiencia paisajística contemplativa realizada predominantemente bajo formas estéticas no es una perspectiva suficientemente atendida a pesar de que, junto con la representación artística del paisaje, constituye la perspectiva más fidedigna del concepto de paisaje.: The objective is to describe different landscape approaches. To carry this out, multiple information sources were analysed, recorded and discussed, selecting the most expressive approaches of the theoretical rationality from which the landscape is conceived. It was found that having the painting landscape born in the Middle Ages, it is studied today by aesthetics as an artistic representation, as a geosystem by geography, as an ecosystem by ecology and as a subjective appropriation of the territory by sociology, anthropology and semiotics. However, the contemplative landscape experience was predominantly carried out under aesthetic form, but it is not a perspective sufficiently attended. Alongside with the artistic representation of the landscape, constitutes the most reliable perspective of the landscape concept. (shrink)

Recent years have witnessed an increasing growth in mutual funds that invest according to social criteria. As a consequence, the financial performance of these portfolios has attracted the interest of academics and practitioners. This paper investigates the performance of a sample of socially responsible mutual funds from seven European countries investing globally and/or in the European market. Using unconditional and conditional models, we assess the performance of these funds in comparison to conventional and socially responsible benchmark portfolios. The results show (...) that European socially responsible funds present in general neutral performance in relation to both conventional and socially responsible benchmarks. However, performance estimates seem to be slightly higher when funds are evaluated in relation to socially responsible indices. Our results also show that socially responsible funds are more exposed to conventional than to socially responsible indices. Furthermore, conventional benchmarks are better able to explain fund returns than socially responsible benchmarks. These findings are robust to both unconditional and conditional models of performance. We also observe that conditional models lead to a slight improvement of performance estimates and to the explanatory power of the models, both when conventional and socially responsible benchmarks are considered. This is consistent with most previous empirical findings on conditional performance evaluation. Our results show that investors who wish to hold European funds can add social screens to their investment choices without compromising financial performance. (shrink)

ENTREVISTA COM PROFESSORAS (ES) DE FILOSOFIA DO ENSINO SUPERIOR DO CEARÁ – BLOCO IICom: Cristiane Maria Marinho, Francisco José da Silva, Camila do Espírito Santo Prado de OliveiraPor: Antônio Alex Pereira de Sousa, Paulo Willame Araújo de Lima.

Resumen. En esta exploración se centra en identificar y desarrollar en dos grupos de la materia deComportamiento Organizacional a nivel licenciatura la competencia de auto-administración y ética conun enfoque humanista y para ello, se comienza por utilizar un instrumento que permita realizar un primeracercamiento se presentan los resultados preliminares.Palabras clave. Auto-administración, ética y competencia.. This exploration is focused on identifying and developing into two groups regardingorganizational behavior undergraduate competence and ethical self-administration with a humanisticapproach and for that, you begin to (...) use a tool to make a first approach preliminary results.Keywords. Self-management, ethics y competence. (shrink)

O período medieval é longo e de grande efervescência. Nele o saber foi se desenvolvendo e organizando aos poucos, acentuando-se sempre mais a importância da natureza. A partir do século XII, organizam-se escolas, no século XIII, as universidades. Nas "Siete Partidas" o rei Alfonso X idealiza e define o que seria o studi.um generale.

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of socially responsible funds in Sweden by assessing fund managers' abilities and performances across different market states. These issues are analyzed at the aggregate and individual fund levels. The paper also presents several new statistical tests that allow more precise inferences about differences in performance and the variability in fund returns arising from different benchmarks. In general, SR and conventional funds perform similarly to the market. At the aggregate level, SR funds investing in Sweden (...) and Europe perform similarly to conventional funds, while those investing globally tend to underperform. This underperformance seems to be linked with poor selectivity abilities of global SR fund managers. For individual funds, the performance of both types of funds is more similar. Most funds perform similarly in crisis periods compared to non-crisis periods. Overall, our results are consistent with a mature market for SR investing and support the view that the similar performance of SR and conventional funds is associated with the mainstreaming of SR investment in Sweden. These findings encourage SR investing both by socially conscious investors, who wish to align their social values with their investment decisions, as well as by conventional investors, who will not be penalized by investing in these funds. We also call attention to the difficulties investors face when trying to identify funds with high social standards, considering that there is scarce information on the extent to which each fund holds stocks that comply with ethical and social criteria. (shrink)

. In this part of the research process shows progress of the author´s doctoral thesis which seeks to offer from the union between practice and academy to the diagnosis of labor markets, monitoring and trend analysis and it also addresses the issue of understanding the relationships that this problem occurs in a particular moment in time when comparing the self-evaluations among recent graduates with self-assessments of people who are at a high level position in the automotive sector Guanajuato and therefore, (...) to establish the gap with those administrative economic area students, and identify which competences should be developed to reach a position with a high level of responsibility to a greater degree of certainly to which an instrument used widely tested, the results and findings until now.Keywords. Automotive sector, graduates, laboral competences.Resumen. En esta parte del proceso investigativo se presentan los avances de la tesis doctoral de la autora que pretende aportar desde la unión entre la praxis y la academia en el campo de la administración, a los diagnósticos de los mercados de trabajo, su seguimiento y análisis de tendencias ya que, resultan fundamentales para el desarrollo de los sistemas de competencias laborales. Así mismo, se aborda la cuestión de entender las relaciones que éste problema presenta en un determinado momento en el tiempo al comparar las auto-evaluaciones entre recién egresados con las auto-evaluaciones de personas que se encuentran en una posición de alto nivel en el sector automotriz de Guanajuato y por consiguiente; establecer la brecha que tienen dichos egresados del área económico administrativa, e identificar que competencias deben desarrollar para llegar a una posición con un alto nivel de responsabilidad con un alto grado de certidumbre para lo cual, se utiliza un instrumento ampliamente probado y se presentan los resultados y hallazgos encontrados hasta el momento. (shrink)

. Shared leadership goes hand in hand with an organizational culture; this means it is intended to innovation. In another sense for learning organizations innovation is a successful and permanent process becomes routine, rather it is a fact particularly unusual or distracting people from the central work, strategic medullar any organization, in the organizations main objective is the responsible management of communication, even as a basic instrument that empowers the leader and determines its meaning and direction.Keywords. Communications systems, organizations, power.Resumen. (...) El liderazgo compartido va de la mano con una cultura organizacional, esto significa que está dirigido a la innovación. En otro sentido para las organizaciones que aprenden la innovación es un proceso exitoso y permanente que se convierte en algo cotidiano, en lugar de que sea, un hecho poco usual o especial que distrae la atención de las personas del trabajo central, estratégico o medular de cualquier organización; es decir, para las organizaciones su objetivo principal es el manejo responsable de la comunicación incluso, como instrumento básico que empodera al líder y determina su sentido y dirección.Palabras clave. Líder, organizaciones, poder, sistemas de comunicación. (shrink)

. This essay is a theoretical exploration in the organizational values and the ethics as basesof the successful negotiation between persons and the organizational systems. From the axiologicalperspective of Spenta, standing out to the honor as fundamental beginning that leads us to anenvironment and an organizational culture propitious to establish suitable negotiations and even, isoutlined that the prosperity is for the straight people. The previous thing represents, that theprosperity like consequence of good negotiations is based on seven props of the (...) managerial ethics,favoring in this one and according to the position of the authoress to the honor, but the deepestexplanation is in a mental condition, related to the happiness. Finally, the values always must have asignificant impact on the ethics of the organization. And even it is very important that the personalvalues are in conformity with the values of every organization.Keywords. Ethic, organizations, negotiation, persons, values, honor, and system.Resumen. Este ensayo es una exploración teórica en los valores organizacionales y la ética comobases de la negociación exitosa entre personas y los sistemas organizacionales. Desde la perspectivaaxiológica de Spenta, resaltando a la rectitud como principio fundamental que nos conduce a unambiente y una cultura organizacional propicia para establecer negociaciones idóneas e incluso, sedestaca que la prosperidad es para la gente recta. Lo anterior representa, que la prosperidad comoconsecuencia de buenas negociaciones está basada en los siete pilares de la ética gerencial,privilegiando en éste caso y de acuerdo a la postura de la autora a la rectitud, pero la explicación másprofunda está en un estado mental, relacionado con la felicidad. Por último, los valores siempredeben tener un impacto significativo sobre la ética de la organización. E incluso es muy importanteque los valores personales estén en concordancia con los valores de cada organización.Palabras clave. Ética, organizaciones, negociación, personas, valores, rectitud y sistema. (shrink)

This book highlights some of the most pressing safety, ethical, legal and societal issues related to the diverse contexts in which robotic technologies apply. Focusing on the essential concept of well-being, it addresses topics that are fundamental not only for research, but also for industry and end-users, discussing the challenges in a wide variety of applications, including domestic robots, autonomous manufacturing, personal care robots and drones.

Este trabajo presenta los resultados del primer acercamiento de una investigación realizada a los diferentes agentes educativos de una escuela tridocente, ubicada en una comunidad Wixarika en el estado de Jalisco, México, se recuperan las expeiencias educativas durante el aislamiento social y obligatorio durante la pandemia. Se empleó la narrativa para comprender una realidad que es construida a través del relato.

El 24 de marzo de 2016, por medio de la Resolución del Consejo de Ministros n. 21/2016, el Gobierno de Portugal, a través del Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Educación Superior, anunció el compromiso de la ciencia con los principios y prácticas de Ciencia abierta. La misma resolución obligó al MCTES a crear un Grupo de Trabajo Interministerial con la misión de presentar una propuesta de Plan Estratégico para la implementación de una Política Nacional de Ciencia Abierta. El grupo de (...) trabajo incluyó cuatro subgrupos: acceso abierto y datos abiertos, infraestructura y preservación digital, evaluación científica y responsabilidad social. En este artículo se presenta el conjunto de recomendaciones que el subgrupo de evaluación científica, en articulación con los demás, considera fundamentales para la implementación de prácticas de ciencia abierta, dirigidas a los agentes políticos, así como a las entidades productoras, evaluadoras y financiadoras de la ciencia. [pt] Em 24 de março de 2016, através da Resolução do Conselho de Ministros nº 21/2016, o Governo de Portugal, através do Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior, anunciou o compromisso da ciência com os princípios e práticas da ciência aberta. A mesma resolução mandata o MCTES a criar um grupo de trabalhointerministerial com a missão de apresentar uma proposta de Plano Estratégico para a implementação de uma Política Nacional de Ciência Aberta. O grupo de trabalho incluiu quatro subgrupos - acesso aberto e dados abertos, infraestruturas e preservação digital, avaliação científica e responsabilidade social científica. Neste artigo apresenta-se o conjunto de recomendações que o subgrupo de avaliação científica, em articulação com os restantes, entende serem fundamentais para a implementação de práticas de ciência aberta dirigindo-se a agentes políticos, bem como a entidades produtoras, avaliadoras e financiadoras de ciência. (shrink)

Investiga a produção científica na temática Epistemologia e Historiografia da Ciência da informação a partir dos Anais do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Ciência da informação, de dados da Plataforma Lattes e da literatura indexada na Base de Dados da Ciência da informação. Identifica o coletivo de pesquisadores que dão continuidade e consistência ao trabalho epistemológico e historiográfico da área. Destaca, na temática abordada, um grupo que consegue produzir mais que a maioria dos demais pesquisadores. Pesquisadores com alunos na pós-graduação (...) tendem a publicar mais artigos em colaboração do que os outros autores que se não encaixam nesse perfil. Os resultados permitiram a descrição de perfis de pesquisadores a partir de um recorte. Conclui que as pesquisas sobre a referida temática, alinhadas aos preceitos dos estudos métricos, podem permitir o desenvolvimento de teias conceituais e metodológicas da Ciência da Informação. (shrink)

This article seeks to show Pope Francis’ position, right from the beginning of his pontificate, and what he expects from the Roman Catholic Church in relation to LGBT people. In order to do that, some documents of his pontificate are analyzed in relation to this theme. Among them: Community of Community: A new Parish, Preparatory for the III Assembly, III Extraordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, XIV Ordinary General Assembly, Encyclical Letter Laudato Si, Post-Synodal Exhortation Amoris Latitia etc. (...) Then, we try to understand the meaning of Francisco's gestures, and to understand which church he wants. What changes and perspectives may occur between the Church and LGBT people, based on the Second Vatican Council, which the pope attempts to bring back, and the unconditional love of God found in the gospels. It is important to remember that in Francis' pontificate, dialoguing, welcoming, integrating, and finding points to come together in favor of life, especially the lives of the most vulnerable, is always very important. (shrink)

Nos ensaios em que discute o aperfeiçoamento da língua alemã, Leibniz destaca o papel desempenhado pelos signos em geral para a construção das ciências, opondo-se aos que defendem ser preciso sempre a considerar a coisa mesma a fim de descobrir suas propriedades. Para o filósofo, se não houvesse signos capazes de substituir a coisa e a ideia que temos dela, e tivéssemos de remontar continuamente à natureza visada e refazer sua definição, não haveria escolha senão cessar o próprio diálogo com (...) o outro e a própria reflexão. E o que torna um signo apto a ocupar o lugar de uma realidade e se prestar à constituição de conhecimento racional acerca das coisas é que ele exprima, em sua disposição e nas relações que estabelece com outros caracteres, as relações e propriedades que constam da coisa da qual é signo, de sorte que a partir de seu emprego seja possível chegar à coisa mesma. Isto posto, nosso objetivo será discutir o papel da linguagem para raciocinar, bem como a natureza dos termos e essa sua relação com as coisas que significam e pelas quais supõem, a fim de entender como Leibniz pode definir as proposições verdadeiras como aquelas em que há uma ligação coerente entre os termos e simultaneamente afirmar que é preciso encontrar na própria coisa um fundamento apto a justificar a proposição e demonstrá-la a priori. (shrink)

El presente libro, La estética y el arte a debate I, compila los resultados fundamentales del trabajo del VIII Coloquio Internacional de Estética y Arte, celebrado en La Habana entre el 9 y el 11 de diciembre de 2013. El coloquio, convocado y auspiciado por diversas instituciones cubanas y mexicanas, fue expresión de los fructíferos vínculos de colaboración entre la Maestría y el Cuerpo Académico de Estética y Arte de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) y el Grupo de (...) Investigación sobre Estética, Cultura y Arte (GISECA) del Instituto de Filosofía de La Habana, ambos como parte de la Red de Investigaciones en Arte (RIA). -/- Con un nivel de convocatoria sin precedentes, el coloquio reunió, en las instalaciones del Hotel Neptuno-Tritón de la ciudad de La Habana, a más de un centenar de ponentes especializados en el arte y la estética –provenientes de Colombia, Ecuador, Francia, España, Cuba y México–, cuya valiosa participación determinó el alto nivel académico y la gran variedad de perspectivas teóricas y culturales del evento. -/- Las temáticas centrales giraron en torno a las nuevas prácticas artísticas, los desafíos que enfrentan la estética y la historia del arte, los debates actuales sobre la cultura, y muchas otras propuestas encaminadas a promover la reflexión y discusión de los aspectos académicos, artísticos y culturales más relevantes para esta área del conocimiento, además de estimular un intercambio de enfoques e ideas. (shrink)

La conciencia de un sujeto es condensación de la conciencia social del momento histórico de su constitución. La conciencia se forma con referentes de diversos modos de apropiación de lo real que se convierten en condición de incorporación de nuevos referentes, los cuales son traducidos a su lógica d..

This article investigates whether sustainability labels for mutual funds in Europe provide consistent signals regarding funds’ sustainable characteristics. Specifically, we assess the alignment of signals conveyed by third-party and self-declared labels. Among the first typology, we consider labels sponsored by government and nonprofit organizations (GNPOs) alongside Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) ratings from commercial data vendors. The latter category includes the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) classification and an ESG-related name. Our findings indicate that equity funds with GNPO labels are (...) more likely to exhibit top-tier ESG ratings and alignment with self-declared sustainability signals, namely Article 9 of SFDR and fund names. Furthermore, holding government and multiple GNPO labels is linked to other signals indicating higher sustainability standards. In addition, funds tend to experience an improvement in Morningstar globes after receiving a GNPO label, consistent with GNPO labels signaling funds of the high-quality type. The results regarding label alignment in fixed-income funds are less conclusive. Our findings underscore the need for credible signals in view of the growing number of sustainability labels available to investors. (shrink)

BackgroundOrgan transplantation represents the most effective and acceptable therapy for end-stage organ failure. However, its frequent practice often leads to a shortage of organs worldwide. To solve this dilemma, some countries, such as Portugal, have switched from an opt-in to an opt-out system, which has raised concerns about respect for individual autonomy. We aimed to evaluate whether young university students are aware of this opt-out system so that they can make informed, autonomous and conscious decisions, as well as to identify (...) the factors that determine a positive attitude toward post-mortem organ donation.MethodsAn observational, cross-sectional study was developed and a questionnaire was administered to first-year students from six faculties of the University of Porto.ResultsOf the 841 participants, 60% were unaware that Portugal had adopted an opt-out system. Among the informed individuals, their main sources of information included social media, internet, and family. Furthermore, only 48% of all participants agreed with the current opt-out system. Female sex (p = 0.049; OR 1.393), knowledge of the law (p < 0.001; OR 4.749) and family being the primary source of information (p < 0.001; OR 2.855) were independent factors associated with a positive attitude toward post-mortem organ donation law.ConclusionsThere is a significant lack of knowledge among young university students regarding the presumed post-mortem organ donation law and how it works. Female sex, having family as a primary source of information and being aware of the presumed post-mortem organ donation law are the strongest independent factors that determine a positive attitude toward the opt-out system. (shrink)

Na análise do equilíbrio trabalho-família, tem-se salientado o efeito de extravasamento (spillover). Neste estudo, realizado por entrevista semiestruturada a uma amostra de 102 mães portuguesas (incluindo 79 sinalizadas por mau trato e negligência), abordam-se os impactos da situação profissional da..

A Igreja Católica, ao propagar a fé cristã e a conversão das populações indígenas e ribeirinhas da região amazônica, produziu suas ideologias na forma de escritos, as quais também estão presentes nas narrativas orais. Neste artigo, cujo aporte teórico está vinculado aos estudos Pós-coloniais e ao pensamento Decolonial, a partir da articulação das diferenças entre o real e o imaginário, salvação e pecado, deseja-se responder a seguinte questão: a que formação ideológica e formas de educar estaria ligado o “Mito da (...) Capela de Ouro”, na região do médio amazonas paraense? Para tanto, nesta pesquisa baseada em fontes bibliográficas e documentais, foram investigados diários de viagens de missionários à região Amazônica, especialmente à região do rio Trombetas, impressos e manuscritos publicados por igrejas e pelo Conselho Nacional de Proteção ao índio, no século XX. Os dados apontam que o “Mito da Capela de Ouro” decorre de uma tentativa de colonização do imaginário das populações nativas da região, tendo em vista que o mundo sobrenatural cristão era inteiramente oposto ao mundo sobrenatural indígena e ribeirinho, relacionado naquele contexto à demonização. (shrink)

Introduction:Despite being considered as a contravention under some countries’ legislation, the therapeutic use of Cannabis sativa has been growing in Brazil, due to the promising results observed in many pathologies. Such a scenario has fostered the need to deepen discussions on the subject and possibly revise legislation governing the substance use and access.Objectives:Identify the types of stigma related to the therapeutic use of Cannabis and describe the strategies people use to overcome stigma.Methods:This integrative review was carried out in the databases (...) PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, with 565 articles being retrieved. Triads’ cross-check were done, first maintaining the “cannabis” and “therapeutic use” pair, added by “stigma,” “bioethics,” “ethics,” “social consequences,” and “legal consequences.” The final selection resulted in six articles.Ethical Consideration:However, the ethical issues that pervade and regulate decisions on this subject must be considered.Results:Different dimensions and types of stigma related to the therapeutic use of Cannabis have been identified. The bioethical principle of autonomy was an expression of citizenship and human rights, mitigating internal conflicts related to self-stigma and the effects of external stigma on the person’s life.Conclusion:It was possible to identify the types of stigma related to the therapeutic use of Cannabis is an internal dimension represented and an external dimension, represented and to identify strategies adopted to face this stigma: skills training group for users, elaboration of laws and specific programs to clarify the therapeutic use of Cannabis with a greater social scope, and support for family members. Thus, contributing to the building of people’s autonomy in a broader context of decision-making autonomy and executive autonomy will provide the development of people’s capacity to perform complex tasks of self-management and, consequently, to continue promoting and preserving their decision-making process and their capacity to plan and perform tasks associated with managing their lives and their treatments. (shrink)